ISSN 2773-7705
Periodo. Julio – Diciembre 2022
Vol.7, Nro.2, Publicado: 2022-12-31
https://revistas.itsup.edu.ec/index.php/Higia
del mundo, siendo Norteamérica la
región que presenta el mayor número de
registros de cáncer según la literatura. El
mayor impacto de esta patología se
refleja en la economía de los distintos
países, ya que el gasto control-
prevención genera grandes egresos en la
salud pública. Se concluye que los
factores de riesgo del cáncer de pulmón
más frecuentes en la población mundial
fueron: tabaquismo, humo de leña y la
exposición al radón, encontrándose estos
presentes en las distintas zonas
geográficas.
Palabras claves: Cáncer, pulmón,
tabaquismo.
Abstract
Pulmonary cancer is considered the first
cause of mortality in patients with tumor
disease. Among the most important
carcinogens for lung cancer is cigarette,
exposure to wood smoke or animals of
animals, among others; Being one of the
most studied problems, is still
considered as a health problem not yet
solved and difficult to control. The
objective was to describe the risk factors
of lung cancer: world impact on the
population. The applied methodology
was a documentary, descriptive revision,
Boolean terms were used to perform
searches, connecting keywords such as:
lung cancer, cancer risk factors;
Information from different scientific
bases was recovered: Scielo, Pubmed,
Google Academic, Elservier,
Medigraphic, Regional Portal da BVS,
Publisher, Dialnet, Science Direct.
Among the results it is noted that
smoking has been evidenced as the main
lung cancer risk factor in the world
population; the most pathology impact is
distributed in all countries of the world,
being North America, the region that
presents the largest number of cancer
records according to literature. The
greatest impact of this pathology is
reflected in the economy of the different
countries, since the control-prevention
expense generates great expenses in
public health. It is concluded that the
most frequent lung cancer risk factors in
the world population were: smoking,
firewood smoke and radon exposure,
being these present in different
geographical areas.
Keywords: cancer, lung, smoking
Introducción
El cáncer pulmonar es considerado la
primera causa de mortalidad en pacientes
con enfermedad tumoral. A pesar que el
tabaquismo es la primera causa de riesgo
existen otros factores los cuales también
pueden constituir su desarrollo:
ambientales, laborales, genéticos,
dietéticos. La enfermedad suele pasar
desapercibida en sus primeras etapas (1);
esta enfermedad es el resultado de un