Uso del myo-inositol en el manejo de síndrome de ovario poliquístico: beneficios metabólicos y endocrinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37117/higia.v14i1.1263Palavras-chave:
Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP), myo-inositol, resistencia a la insulina, , función ovárica, tratamiento endocrinoResumo
El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) constituye una de las alteraciones endocrinas más frecuentes en mujeres en edad reproductiva, con una prevalencia estimada entre el 6% y el 13%, siendo una de las principales causas de infertilidad y problemas metabólicos asociados a resistencia a la insulina, hiperandrogenismo, irregularidades menstruales y alteraciones en la función ovárica. Ante las limitaciones y efectos adversos de tratamientos convencionales como la metformina, ha surgido el interés científico en el uso del myo-inositol, un isómero natural con propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y moduladoras hormonales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los beneficios metabólicos y endocrinos del myo-inositol en el manejo del SOPQ, con énfasis en su eficacia clínica y seguridad frente a fármacos tradicionales. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática en las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus, considerando publicaciones en revistas indexadas de cuartiles Q1 a Q4. La búsqueda se efectuó con la ecuación “myo-inositol” & “management of polycystic ovary syndrome”, obteniéndose 792 artículos en total. Los registros más antiguos datan de 1945 y, tras un crecimiento progresivo de publicaciones, en 2002 se registraron 12 investigaciones, alcanzando hasta 57 en 2025. Luego de un proceso de depuración y selección, se trabajó finalmente con 203 artículos. Los resultados muestran que el myo-inositol mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina, regula la producción de andrógenos, favorece la calidad ovocitaria y la maduración folicular, reduce la hormona antimülleriana (AMH), mejora la regularidad menstrual y presenta una alta tolerabilidad clínica en comparación con la metformina. En conclusión, el myo-inositol se perfila como una alternativa terapéutica segura, costo-efectiva y con un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida de mujeres con SOPQ.
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